filtration & sanitary systems

Here’s a complete guide to everything you need to know about pool filtration.

POOL FILTER

Filtration is a critical component of any pool system, ensuring your water stays clean, clear, and safe for swimming. Whether you’re a new pool owner or planning to build one, understanding how pool filtration works and choosing the right system is essential for maintaining your pool. Here’s a complete guide to everything you need to know about pool filtration:

1. What Does a Pool Filtration System Do?

The filtration system removes debris, dirt, and contaminants from the water. As the pool water circulates, it passes through the filter, which traps particles and returns clean water back to the pool. Without a functioning filtration system, the pool would quickly become cloudy, unsanitary, and even unsafe to swim in due to the buildup of bacteria and algae.

2. Types of Pool Filtration Systems

There are three main types of pool filters, each with its own advantages and maintenance requirements:

  • Sand Filters: Sand filters are the most common type of filtration system. They use specially graded sand to trap particles as water flows through. Sand filters are affordable and easy to maintain, making them popular among homeowners. The sand needs to be replaced every 5-7 years, and the filter requires backwashing (a process that flushes out trapped debris) every few weeks to maintain efficiency.
  • Pros: Low cost, low maintenance, durable.
  • Cons: Not as effective at trapping very small particles, requires backwashing.
  • Cartridge Filters: Cartridge filters use a replaceable filter cartridge to capture dirt and debris. These filters provide better filtration than sand filters, trapping smaller particles. Cartridge filters don’t require backwashing, making them more water-efficient. However, they do require regular cleaning and occasional cartridge replacement.
  • Pros: Excellent filtration, no backwashing required, more energy-efficient.
  • Cons: Cartridges need cleaning and replacement, slightly higher cost.
  • Diatomaceous Earth (DE) Filters: DE filters offer the highest level of filtration, using a fine powder made from fossilized algae called diatoms. These filters can trap particles as small as 2-5 microns, providing incredibly clean water. DE filters require backwashing and re-coating with fresh DE powder, and they tend to be more expensive to maintain than sand or cartridge filters.
  • Pros: Best filtration, traps the smallest particles, provides crystal-clear water.
  • Cons: Higher cost, requires backwashing and re-coating with DE powder, more labor-intensive.


3. Choosing the Right Filter for Your Pool

When deciding on a filter, consider your pool size, budget, and how much maintenance you’re willing to handle:


  •  For budget-conscious homeowners: Sand filters are cost-effective and low-maintenance, making them a great choice for those who don’t want to spend a lot upfront.
  • For those seeking better filtration: Cartridge filters provide a balance between performance and convenience, offering better filtration than sand filters without requiring backwashing.
  • For those wanting the cleanest water: DE filters are ideal for those who prioritize the clearest, cleanest water possible, but they come with higher maintenance and costs.

How Often Should I Run My Pool Filter?


The pool filter should run long enough to circulate all of the water through the system at least once per day. This typically means running the filter for 8-12 hours per day, but it can vary depending on pool size, usage, and the efficiency of your system. During heavy pool usage or hot weather, you may need to run it longer to maintain clear water.

5. How Do I Maintain My Pool Filter?

Maintenance varies depending on the type of filter, but here are general tips for all types:

  • Sand Filters: Backwash the filter every few weeks or when the pressure gauge rises by 8-10 psi (pounds per square inch) above the normal reading. Replace the sand every 5-7 years to ensure effective filtration.
  • Cartridge Filters: Clean the cartridges with a hose every 4-6 weeks and replace them every 2-3 years. Soak the cartridge in a cleaning solution annually to remove oil and scale buildup.
  • DE Filters: Backwash the system every month or when the pressure gauge shows an 8-10 psi increase. After backwashing, re-coat the filter with fresh DE powder. Once or twice a year, clean the entire filter grid to remove any residual DE and buildup.


Cloudy water: If your water is cloudy, your filter may not be operating properly, or it might be time for maintenance like cleaning or backwashing.

Increased pressure on the filter gauge: This is a sign that the filter is clogged and needs cleaning or backwashing.

Visible debris in the pool: If you see debris floating in your pool despite running the filter, it may be time to clean or replace your filter media.

The lifespan of a pool filter depends on the type: Sand filters: 5-7 years.

 Cartridge filters: Cartridges should be replaced every 2-3 years, but the housing can last up to 10 years.

DE filters: Grids can last 5-10 years with proper maintenance.

Running your filter during off-peak hours (early morning or late evening) can save energy and lower your electric bill. Additionally, variable-speed pumps can help optimize filtration by running at lower speeds, reducing energy consumption while still keeping your pool clean.

A good filtration system works hand-in-hand with proper water chemistry. Even the best filter can’t compensate for imbalanced water, so it’s important to maintain the right chemical levels in your pool, especially chlorine and pH, to prevent algae growth and keep your pool water safe.


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If you live in a climate where temperatures drop below freezing, winterizing your pool filter is essential. For sand and DE filters, this means draining the water from the system to prevent freezing and cracking. Cartridge filters can be removed and stored indoors for the winter. Proper winterization ensures that your filtration system will be ready to go when you open your pool in the spring.

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